Non-Drug Adjuvants for Pain Control

Medical Adjuvants 
 
 
Radiation
	Bone Metasteses 
	Soft Tissue 
	Obstruction

 
Surgery
	Incision
	Excision
	Debridement 
	Resection
	Drainage 
	Diversion
	Orthopedic
	   Prophylactic 
	   Therapeutic

Neurosurgical 
Stimulation
	Dorsal Cord Stimulation 
	IntraCerebral
 Rhizotomy
 Spinothalamic Tractotomy 
 (Cordotomy)
 Mesencephalic Tractotomy 
 Commissural Myelotomy 
Sterotactic Thalamotomy 
Psychosurgery
 Hypophysectomy
	Chemical 
	Surgical

  Acupuncture
	Classical
	Electroacupuncture 
	Acupressure

Nerve Blocks 
	Peripheral
		Local Anesthetic 
		Neurotytic
	Ganglionic
		Coeliac Plexus Block 
		Stellate Block 
		Sympathetic
	Epidural
		Local Anesthetic 
		Steroid
		Neurolytic 
		Narcotic 
		Calcitonin 
	Subarchnoid
		Local Anesthetic 
		Neurolytic 
		Narcotic 
		Calcitonin


Psychological Adjuvants

  Visualization
	 Guided
 	Creative imagination
 Relaxation
 Biofeedback
 Hypnosis
 Touch / Holding
 Music
 Companioning
 Metaphor / Imagery 
 Expressive Mediums 
 Values Clarification
 Reframing
 Gestalt
 Life Review
 Healing Memories
 Journal Keeping 
 Power Objects
 Dream Work
 Forgiveness/Unfinished Business 
 Integrative Myth
 Affirmations
 Play / Recreation
 Picture Gallery
	OH! 
	Tarot
Nursing / Physiotherapy Adjuvants

Movement
	Active
	Passive
	Stretching
	Relaxation
Massage
Heat
	Dry
	Wet
	Liniment
	Wax
	Sauna
	Whirpool
Cold
	Liniment eg. Alcohol
	Cold Pack
	Ice Massage
	Immersion
TENS
Pressure
Vibration
Ultrasound

Occupational Adjuvants

 Distraction "Life Stimulation" 
	Reading
	Music 
	Games
	Conversation
	Art
	Work
   	Crafts
	Gardening, etc
Immobilization
	Rest (fatigue)
	Assistance 
		Walkers 
		Toilets 
		Rails
	    	Air/Foam/Water Mattress 
	    	Pads/Pillows
	    	etc

Spiritual Adjuvants

Prayer 
Meditation
Sacraments
Music
Art